Cuba was inhabited by
Amerindian tribes before the landing of explorer
Christopher Columbus in 1492, who claimed it for the
Kingdom of Spain. Cuba remained a colony of Spain until the
Spanish–American War of 1898, after which it gained
nominal independence as a
de facto
U.S. protectorate in 1902. The fragile republic endured increasingly
radical politics and social strife, and despite efforts to
strengthen its democratic system, Cuba came under the dictatorship of
Fulgencio Batista in 1952.
[16][17][18] Growing unrest and instability led to
Batista's ousting in January 1959 by the
July 26 movement, which afterwards established a government under the leadership of
Fidel Castro. Since 1965 the country has been governed by the
Communist Party of Cuba.
Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean and, with over 11 million inhabitants, the second-most populous after
Hispaniola. It is a multiethnic country whose
people,
culture and customs derive from diverse origins, including the aboriginal
Taíno and
Ciboney peoples, the long period of
Spanish colonialism, the introduction of
African slaves, and a close
relationship with the Soviet Union in the
Cold War.
Cuba is ranked very high for
human development by the United Nations, and high for
health and
education.
[19][20][21]
In 2015, it became the first country to eradicate mother-to-child
transmission of HIV and syphilis, a milestone hailed by the WHO as "one
of the greatest public health achievements possible."
[22]